Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver. It achieves this by inhibiting gluconeogenesis, the process your liver uses to create glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This leads to lower blood sugar levels.
Improved Insulin Sensitivity
Beyond impacting the liver, metformin increases insulin sensitivity in your muscles. This means your muscles use glucose more effectively, further lowering blood glucose. The exact mechanisms behind this improved sensitivity are still being researched, but it significantly contributes to metformin’s efficacy.
Impact on the Gut
Metformin also influences your gut microbiome. It changes the types and amounts of bacteria present, leading to alterations in the production of short-chain fatty acids. These fatty acids can subsequently influence glucose metabolism and insulin action. More research is needed to fully clarify these pathways.
Further Research
Scientists continue to uncover the nuances of metformin’s action, exploring its potential effects on other metabolic processes. These investigations offer the promise of a more complete understanding of its therapeutic benefits.
