Glaucoma damages the optic nerve, leading to vision loss. This damage primarily stems from increased intraocular pressure (IOP), the pressure inside your eye. Think of it like a water pipe: too much pressure damages the pipe itself.
Open-angle glaucoma, the most common type, involves a gradual clogging of the drainage channels in your eye, slowly raising IOP. Angle-closure glaucoma occurs when the iris blocks these drainage channels, causing a rapid and significant IOP spike. This requires immediate medical attention.
How does increased IOP damage the optic nerve? High pressure compresses blood vessels supplying the optic nerve, reducing blood flow and starving the nerve of oxygen and nutrients. This lack of nourishment causes nerve fiber death, ultimately resulting in vision loss. The process is gradual, and initially, you may not notice any symptoms.
Regular eye exams are key. Early detection allows for timely intervention, minimizing long-term damage. Treatment focuses on lowering IOP through medication, laser procedures, or surgery. The goal is to prevent further optic nerve damage and preserve your vision.
Specific factors influencing glaucoma development include genetics, age, ethnicity, and existing medical conditions such as diabetes. Knowing your risk factors allows for more proactive management of your eye health.
