Understanding your medications is key to better health. Let’s explore some common prescription drug categories and their applications. This information is for general knowledge and should not replace advice from your doctor or pharmacist.
Pain Relievers
Opioids, like oxycodone and morphine, treat severe pain, but carry a high risk of addiction and side effects, requiring careful monitoring. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including ibuprofen and naproxen, manage mild to moderate pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) reduces fever and relieves pain, but high doses can damage the liver.
Antibiotics
These fight bacterial infections. Penicillin and its derivatives are used for various bacterial infections. Tetracyclines combat a wider range of bacteria, but may have interactions with other medications. Cephalosporins are another important class, offering options against different bacterial strains. Remember, antibiotics are ineffective against viruses.
Blood Pressure Medications
ACE inhibitors (like lisinopril) and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (like valsartan) relax blood vessels, lowering blood pressure. Beta-blockers (like metoprolol) slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure. Diuretics (like furosemide) increase urine production to reduce fluid volume and blood pressure. Your doctor will determine the best medication for your specific needs.
Mental Health Medications
Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like sertraline and fluoxetine, treat depression and anxiety. Antipsychotics, including risperidone and olanzapine, manage symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Benzodiazepines (like diazepam and alprazolam) are used to treat anxiety and insomnia, but have a risk of dependence and should be used short-term and under medical supervision. Always discuss medication with your doctor.
Cholesterol-Lowering Medications
Statins (like atorvastatin and simvastatin) lower LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease. Bile acid sequestrants (like cholestyramine) bind to bile acids, lowering cholesterol levels. Lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, are often crucial complements to medication.
