Ciprofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are crucial for DNA replication and cell division in bacteria. By blocking these enzymes, ciprofloxacin prevents bacterial cells from replicating their DNA, ultimately leading to cell death.
This mechanism specifically targets gram-negative bacteria, making it highly effective against many common infections. E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter are frequently susceptible. Ciprofloxacin also shows activity against some gram-positive bacteria, though its effectiveness varies depending on the species and strain.
Key bacterial targets include:
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) Salmonella species Shigella species Campylobacter species Pseudomonas aeruginosa Haemophilus influenzae Klebsiella pneumoniae
Note: Bacterial resistance to ciprofloxacin is a growing concern. Antibiotic susceptibility testing is always recommended to ensure appropriate treatment.
